Lawrence mailed him a molybdenum foil that had been part of the deflector in the cyclotron. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name ekamanganese (Em). [44], Technetium forms a variety of compounds with Tc–C bonds, i.e. [80][81][82], Technetium-99m ("m" indicates that this is a metastable nuclear isomer) is used in radioactive isotope medical tests. It is therefore present in radioactive waste and in the nuclear fallout of fission bomb explosions. For these reasons, it is a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard beta emitter, and is used for equipment calibration. After sitting for several years, the radioactivity reduces to a level where extraction of the long-lived isotopes, including technetium-99, becomes feasible. Of the two, technetium more closely resembles rhenium, particularly in its chemical inertness and tendency to form covalent bonds. (The other element is promethium.) However, small amounts exist as spontaneous fission products in uranium ores. [37] Similarly the dioxide can be produced by reduction of the Tc2O7. Pertechnetate (tetroxidotechnetate) TcO−4 behaves analogously to perchlorate, both of which are tetrahedral. [20] More reduced halides form anionic clusters with Tc–Tc bonds. [66][67] Molybdenum-99 in the form of molybdate MoO2−4 is adsorbed onto acid alumina (Al2O3) in a shielded column chromatograph inside a technetium-99m generator ("technetium cow", also occasionally called a "molybdenum cow"). [85] Technetium-99 has also been proposed for optoelectronic devices and nanoscale nuclear batteries. Every technetium atom makes six bonds, and the remaining valence electrons can be saturated by one axial and two bridging ligand halogen atoms such as chlorine or bromine. [28] This caused a problem in the separation of plutonium from uranium in nuclear fuel processing, where hydrazine is used as a protective reductant to keep plutonium in the trivalent rather than the more stable tetravalent state. [60] From 2000 onwards the amount has been limited by regulation to 90 TBq (about 140 kg) per year. [note 3], Technetium-99 is produced by the nuclear fission of both uranium-235 and plutonium-239. Isotopes of Technetium The common natural isotope of technetium is technetium- 99. [23] Pure, metallic, single-crystal technetium becomes a type-II superconductor at temperatures below 7.46 K.[note 2][24] Below this temperature, technetium has a very high magnetic penetration depth, greater than any other element except niobium.
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